https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00555-1
Research - Living Systems
Radiation-entropy generation by leaf and negentropy build-up of plant as dissipative structure
1
Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, San Mamés, 48013, Bilbao, Pais Vasco, Spain
2
Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Pais Vasco, Spain
3
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
a
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Received:
13
July
2025
Accepted:
4
January
2026
Published online:
11
March
2026
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a simple reaction for any plant, but it has not been achieved artificially due to the difficulty in radiation entropy production by processing PAR (photosynthetically active radiation). In this study, a plant is shown to be a self-organising dissipative structure; since, it’s leaf generates radiation entropy for the existence of plant with possible growth. Entropy-energy ratio (sE) of PAR released after processing (sE,rel) much exceeds sE of light absorbed, sE,in (< < sE,rel). Plant builds its negentropy 
by the difference, 
, but only a part of this difference can be the source of free energy as plant-growth. The remaining part of is dissipated as the excess payment of negentropy debt, towards mandatory 2nd Law compliance. Change from low sE,in to high sE,rel by the plant-leaf is amplified by a huge factor, c2, while determining ; where, c is the speed of light. Therefore, even a small increase in sE,rel and small reduction in sE,in can significantly increase . Thermodynamic performance of photosynthesis depends on the processing level of PAR, 
, , and is limited by the maximum photosynthetic efficiency in PAR, 
(it increases with 
).
© The Author(s) 2026
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